In which layer of the cornea is the GREATEST amount of oxygen consumed?

The corneal endothelium is responsible for the maintenance of corneal hydration and the overall transparency of the cornea. This layer is in direct contact with the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye and plays a crucial role in regulating the movement of water and nutrients. The endothelium consumes the greatest amount of oxygen, primarily due to its role in cellular metabolism and its need to maintain the pump function that keeps the cornea dehydrated.

The endothelium's high metabolic activity is essential to prevent corneal swelling and to ensure proper transparency. By absorbing oxygen effectively from the aqueous humor, the endothelium can perform its vital functions efficiently. In contrast, while the other layers of the cornea, such as the epithelium, stroma, and Bowman's membrane, have their own metabolic needs and oxygen requirements, they do not approach the oxygen consumption levels seen in the endothelium, which is directly tied to maintaining corneal health and clarity.